Just to let you know, I have edited the first paragraph six times already. Editing for me is a compulsion, which is why I enjoy my job as an editor so much. There is a drawback though because every time I read a book, I can’t help making pencil marks in the margin where there are errors. This compulsion is annoying to say the least, so recently I tried to break the habit. I was given Richard Osman’s book, The Thursday Murder Club, for a Christmas present and because he is such a master with words, I decided to put away the pencil, as it would be rude to mark his novel – not only that, it’s the hardback copy, and I didn’t want to spoil it.

By the end of the first page I was agitated. There were two question marks that I felt were not needed, but I forced myself to overlook them. And so the journey continued – pencil marks not included.

It did make me wonder if Richard Osman had over-edited his first page to the point of adding question marks unnecessarily – or maybe I’ve got it wrong? I’m sure he’ll tell me one day if he gets the chance. Writers know how important that first page is to draw the reader in. It’s the hook that counts, so first pages have to be perfect. I have to admit my first pages and often the first three chapters are edited at least 100 times, if not more, and I’m not joking. 

I don’t recommend this. It’s an obsessive state to get into. I literally have to be sick of reading my novel before I stop editing it. And I’m sure this manic frame of mind is not healthy. It has, however, illustrated to me how over-editing can ruin a story, so taking from my experience, I would suggest the following editing tips as a bare minimum for writers setting out on a journey to write a novel. The support of other writers is essential. I have assumed the work is being written on a computer.

FIRST CHAPTER

• Let your first draft flow and don’t attempt to edit any of it, but do correct anything you realise is wrong. 
• When you’ve stopped writing, read the chapter aloud to yourself – sometimes a Scottish accent helps, I don’t know why. If you’re Scottish maybe you have an advantage – or perhaps you should be reading yours with an English accent? Let me know.
• First edit: make improvements to the text as you go. I do everything on screen at this point, although you can print your pages off if you prefer. Hopefully things are going well and you’ve got a decent hook on the first page.
• Next print a copy of your first chapter in double spacing and read some – or all of it – to other writers, for instance in a writing group (on Zoom during lockdown obviously). Alternatively exchange your work with other authors so you can help each other constructively. Changes should be marked in red pen on the manuscript, (or however you agree to do it if you choose to exchange work by email). Only make changes to your manuscript if you agree with them. Sometimes your gut feeling will override the helpful comments of others. Stick with what you know feels right. It’s your novel, not theirs. Make a second edit.
• Read your amended work aloud to your writing group in your normal voice, (I once tried a northern accent and got slated for it by two northerners in the group), or read it to yourself (Scottish accent optional) to find out if the improvements work. If there are further improvements, make them in your third edit.

FURTHER CHAPTERS

• Continue adding chapters as detailed above until the novel is complete. On some occasions you might write three or four chapters before editing. If you’re in the writing mode, don’t hold yourself up with editing. Let the writing flow, then edit.
• You won’t be able to read every chapter to a writing group, so choose the areas where you have a difficulty or are feeling unsure about whether or not the dialogue is working. You will know when you need help.

THE COMPLETE WORK

• Major edit: read the entire work on screen (not aloud this time) and edit as you go.
• Put the work aside for several weeks or months if you have the time to do so.
• Finally re-read and edit as you go. 
• I recommend printing off a hard copy of the whole novel and asking another author to do a novel exchange with you. They read yours and mark it, and you read theirs and mark it. With any luck, it will only be spelling, grammar, duplication, inconsistency and other minor elements that need attention at this stage.

Don’t scrimp on editing because your first draft is rarely publishable – even if you think it’s a masterpiece, it probably isn’t. 

Editing is never a waste of time, so don’t tell yourself off for overdoing it. But you do need to know when to stop. If you get carried away, like I do, it’s often your characters that put an end to it. You will change something and then have to change it back to exactly what it was before, generally to please your characters. At this point, accept you are done. At least for the time being.

Sometimes you may need to put work aside for years like I did with my first novel The Whispering Waters. I naively thought I’d written a bestseller and publishers would be fighting over it. I received several rejection letters after submitting the first three chapters. Undeterred I joined the Romantic Novelists Association and sent them the entire manuscript. It came back stinking of smoke and had a pretty upsetting report with it that I squirrelled it away for years. You have to be tough to be an author and needless to say, I didn’t renew my membership with the RNA. It didn’t stop me writing though and I wrote several more novels before feeling brave enough to look at The Whispering Waters again. It was then that I realised the person who had critiqued my precious manuscript had made some helpful suggestions. I’d interpreted them badly. After working on it and almost doubling the word length (which proves how much was missing from the story) I self published a book I felt happy with. Publishers are still not fighting for it, but as I’m a publisher, I feel justified in saying that I fought for it and the conclusion is a satisfying one. It’s received good reviews. If you read it, leave a review and let me know what you think.

And in case you are wondering, if I was to read it again, I know without doubt that I would want to edit it some more.

Some things never change.

Happy editing.

Easter Monday 2000: To Mum and Dad

Turbines on the mountain 

Beyond the spreading beech tree

Swish in the early morn

As a hearty cockerel

Hails the dawn

Punctuating the perpetual noise from

the rookery 

A pheasant’s harsh shrill

Slices the crisp, chill air.

Closed cups of tulips point skywards 

And daffodils like silent periscopes

Shake their heads in a tiny breeze

Birdsong bombards the vapour thin air

Melodic blackbirds, cooing doves,

Sweet sounding robins and chaffinches

The endless chatter of starlings and twitter of sparrows 

joined now and again by the haunting cry 

of a curlew, stark among the fields where swallows fly 

And lambs bleat

White blossom weighs heavy on the trees

Flies gather like pin pricks of dust in the warm sunshine

Dogs bark, jackdaws squabble and the cockerel reminds us it’s dawn

Across the timeless green sweep of hills 

But even this cacophony cannot hide the echoes from the past

The heavy-footed herd that trod the earth with

Udders swinging and milk bursting forth

Their inquisitive snorts and plaintive bellows 

Now consigned, invisible behind stone walls 

A plane rumbles deep in the throat of the sky

As turbines turn beyond the spreading beech tree

(written after mad cow disease, BSE, and all the cows that filled the fields in Aughton, Lancashire, had been slaughtered)

That’s any easy one to deal with. Search for the word using the search and replace facility and correct it at the push of a button.

Here’s another. You may have added a new character and you’re not sure if they’ve acted consistently, or they may have had some dark thoughts in the wrong place (who doesn’t?). As you do your read through, highlight his/her paragraphs in red throughout the manuscript. At the end, you can copy and paste all the red comments into a new document and read them chronologically. You will soon find if his/her behaviour goes out of sequence. This method will also allow you to expand on the character if you want to.

The seasons? Yes, these can be bothersome because you might forget whether it was winter or spring three chapters ago. Again, as you read through, highlight the weather reports, maybe in green.

So now you have your new character highlighted in red and your weather reports in green. Blue comes in handy too in case you hit another crisis.

I sorted out a few inconsistencies from my most recent novel in this way and it also helped strengthen my storyline.

Happy editing.

First, decide where you are going to send your report: radio, website, newspaper, magazine. Each will have different requirements so do your research into house styles and word lengths. 

Who? Why? What? Where? When? These are essential ingredients so make sure you answer the questions.

Put the most important fact or person first. On many occasions I have been sent reports about official openings and the person officiating isn’t mentioned until the last line. Don’t do this. Mention them in the first sentence.

Avoid starting an article with a date or the weather conditions unless these are the most important things. 

Research using reliable sources.

Where possible include interviews to add weight to your article but keep it balanced. Don’t embellish the text with your own opinion. Use speech marks correctly.

Write in a chronological and logical order and don’t make assumptions. If there are holes in the report fill them with facts not fiction. 

Write in the third person. 

Decide on the length of your report and work within this boundary. 

Be succinct, it is perfectly acceptable to have paragraphs of just one sentence in length. A good newsy story will have a snappy rhythm so don’t slow it down with flowery language. Stick to the story and don’t go off at a tangent. Resist inserting your own anecdotes. 

Don’t over write. For example, 200/300 words is a good length for a news report for a community magazine. Don’t be disappointed if your article is reduced in size, this will be to fit the available space. 

Let the opening words of each paragraph tell a bit of the story. Many people skim read and will pick up on the first few words of each paragraph and then shut off. Get as much information into those words so if they are the only ones that are read, they give the bones of the story. 

Be consistent and make sure people’s names are spelled correctly. As an editor, I find it annoying when a report is submitted where the name of a person is spelt in two different ways and believe me, it happens.

A good photograph will help an editor choose your report over others and remember to include a caption.

Add a heading, but don’t be surprised if this is altered. Editor’s rarely use the headings supplied.

Don’t be repetitive unless you are writing for a website.

Don’t switch tenses.

Don’t use fancy fonts or colours and don’t over-use capital letters. There is no need to underline anything.

If you want to include contact phone numbers or email addresses, leave them until the end.

Proofread and spellcheck your report before you submit it.

Finally, remove all those exclamation marks you’ve put in – they are rarely necessary. 

When emailing reports always put an attention-grabbing few words in the status line eg HORSE FALLS DOWN CLIFF. Don’t put: article, news item, press release, report. Your email could get lost among hundreds of others if the status line is poor.  

Remember to include your name and a telephone number.

Happy writing.